The Decline and Potential Comeback of Turboprop Aircraft in the U.S.

In the United States, turboprop aircraft are becoming less common, despite their continued success in other regions worldwide. While a few U.S. carriers still operate them, regional jets have largely taken over. Geography and passenger perception are key factors influencing the decline of turboprops in the U.S., but let’s first define what a turboprop is for those new to aviation.

Turboprops are narrowbody aircraft powered by turbine propeller engines, traditionally built by manufacturers like Bombardier and ATR. Bombardier's Dash 8 and ATR's ATR 72 are two of the most popular models. However, it's important to note that Bombardier sold its Dash 8 program to Longview Aviation in 2018, and the aircraft is now produced under the de Havilland Canada name.

In the past, U.S. airlines, such as Horizon Air and United Express, were prominent operators of turboprops like the Dash 8. However, these airlines have since retired the aircraft. Horizon Air, for example, retired its Dash 8 fleet in 2023, and by 2018, major carriers like American Eagle and Piedmont Airlines had ceased operating turboprops. This shift left a handful of smaller airlines, such as Ravn Alaska and Silver Airways, as some of the few U.S. operators of these planes.

The geography of the U.S. plays a big role in the reduced need for turboprops. Turboprops excel in regions with challenging airports—such as those with high altitudes and extreme temperatures—like Ethiopia or island nations such as Indonesia and the Philippines, where small planes connect remote locations. In the U.S., geography is less of a limiting factor, reducing the demand for these specialized aircraft. For example, Ethiopian Airlines operates many Dash 8-400s on domestic routes where jets might struggle to take off or land safely.

Passenger perception is another consideration. Despite being reliable and efficient, turboprops are often perceived as less comfortable or safe compared to jets, partly due to their smaller size and visible propellers. This misconception, although not universal, has impacted their popularity in the U.S. Canadian carrier Porter Airlines, which operates turboprops, had to launch a campaign to educate passengers about the benefits of the Dash 8. This effort paid off, and Porter successfully gained passenger confidence.

However, turboprops remain popular in other parts of the world. Airlines like SpiceJet in India, Cebgo in the Philippines, and WestJet Encore in Canada continue to operate these aircraft effectively, proving their value on regional routes. Brazil’s Azul and Greece’s Olympic Air also rely on turboprops for their operations.

Could turboprops see a resurgence in the U.S.? Some experts believe so. ATR, one of the leading turboprop manufacturers, suggests that these planes are ideal for short-haul routes under 100 miles, where jets are inefficient and environmentally taxing. As airlines seek to reduce emissions and cut fuel costs, turboprops could become a more attractive option, especially with the development of next-generation models.

ATR is currently working on an advanced turboprop, branded as "evo," aiming for a 20% reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Originally planned for launch in 2024, the project is now expected to move forward in 2025, with hopes of entry into service by 2030. While the U.S. market remains uncertain, advancements in technology and growing environmental concerns could pave the way for a turboprop comeback in the future.